Pattern, Universe, and Ancient Knowledge
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By  OVE VON SPAETH

Copyright © 2000 (& © 2000)  -  www.moses-egypt.net

Published by:  Swedano Journal, Mar.2004 (3rd year, no.3, pp.5-7)  - & - Aspiranten Journal, May 2004 (Norway, 2nd year, no.3 pp.17-20)
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                                                                                                                                                                                Copyright © 2004: OvS.
In our present millennium ‘Pattern’ is a concept of increasing interest, a great
field of rigorous research to expand and becoming well-known also as domains
of studies in much larger fields than being understood merely as geometrical
shape or figure. As the enormously extensive topic concerns all conditions
and matters of life, the following will be a tiny survey only.

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Recognizing Pattern

The cycles of development and courses of the universe and of life of the living beings seem to follow certain main patterns, collectively as well as individually. Thus, in wholeness and detail both on a larger and smaller scale - for instance patterns of behaviour and growth; of nature’s mimicry capacities; of language and music; of energy, electricity, and gravity; or of geometry and mathematics, etc. - all are connected with the pattern principles.
The development of pattern-recognizing in all kind of ways is to be seen as one of the most important factors necessary for the development of the brain for biologic-physical beings. Some ground-principles behind pattern-recognizing are used in a process (formerly known partly as cybernetics) for “teaching” computers to teach themselves to advance their functioning as robots.
When “observing the obvious” greater insight can appear. Basic studies connecting to Pattern’s true and special sense show how basic pattern evolved from, and by, the physical universe’s geometric-fundamentals. Pattern can be repetitive (e.g. as wallpaper pattern) or constantly variable: pattern in all aspects of the Universe, in the physical hard core, chemical structures, and in all subtle life aspects including mental levels.
All pattern forms can be meticulously described and processed mathematically as they basically can be transformed into geometry. Many studies and mathematical formulae that previously were most in use as theories, is today, where so many people own or have admission to a powerful computer, in practical use everywhere - often especially for calculating patterns based on a mathematical geometric context. All complex analysis can be solved by computers with problem solving programmes of relevance.
In early age men and animals are learning by being especially receptive to patterns of behaviour of their parents. - Looking for pattern everywhere is man’s - the brain’s - natural behaviour. This including patterns of conduct like e.g. superstition; cf. researches on brain function and neurology (e.g. by Scott Huettel, Beau Mack & Gregory McCarthy, at Dukes University Medical Centre, published in “Nature Neuroscience”, May 2002).
Like all the following examples, this will continue to serve by illustrating some basic facts and will not be outdated by the otherwise rapid development.
The acts as expressed by human behaviour - for example, body language - can also be described mathematically (through algorithms and equations, statistics, and formulas for behaviour) since they are - patterns.
In daily experience, we meet “pattern-deniers” who chose not to acknowledge any pattern anywhere, equally unable to recognise patterns as expressed by physical form, e.g. patterns of these persons’ own conduct and mental programming or habits as well. And, opposite, we meet others who claim to see any kind of a special pattern just everywhere, whenever they want to see them, even when the alleged pattern might be non-existent.
Non-existent patterns were sometimes a serious problem to mathematician John Forbes Nash Jr. - He got a Nobel Prize in 1994 and he works on economy, game theory, differential geometry, and partial differential equations providing insight into what governs chance and events inside complex systems in daily life, market economics, and artificial intelligence.
In aesthetics, art, and selection of partner all research shows man and animals have preference to symmetric pattern. “... Art is the imposing of a pattern on experience, and our aesthetic enjoyment is recognition of the pattern ...” - quotation of Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947), English philosopher and mathematician (in Dialogues, June 10, 1943.

Snowflake geometric pattern.

Pattern and Integrity

Patterns, designs, patterns, - in everything and everywhere - all of human life will delineate its profile through individual patterns. Much can be calculated with advanced mathematics - it is even possible to measure much of what appears to be invisible - a pattern of a sole in humid soil may reveal much about the shoe that is not visible. For instance, a criminal hiding himself may be identified from patterns that can be read and calculated through his activities.

But facts about how he may avoid being detected will also emerge as a pattern. And equations and algorithms to pinpoint the person's next target can be used if the number of variables is not too problematic. Such a target can be seen even after he likely has changed his behaviour - see, e.g. the Heisenberg-(Bohr-)theory that the observed changes by observation - for a person will often change his pattern when he feels monitored and therefore the observer can also find his new pattern.

Modern mathematicians, working with formulas for randomity analysis and behaviour algorithms would without any problem immediately spot specific patterns. Great American insurance companies use with great success precisely such calculation formulas to rate clients.

Under many conditions living cells can or will directly react on pattern -’recognizing’ different shapes, patterns of simple geometry. Such feature was demonstrated by Donald Ingber of Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, and colleagues, in Nature Science, News Service, 5 March 2003 (cf. too, A. Brock et al.: “Geometric determinants of directional cell motility...”, Lanamuir, 19, 1611-1617, (2003)).
Also, there can be seen certain common features and general principles of ‘architecture’ that apply to all viruses in details in their isosahedral nature (isosahedra: 20 sided polygon with 12 corners like a soccer ball), - e.g. virus structure. The bio-code pattern of the dna structure is a double helix, - Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958), English biophysicist and X-ray crystallographer, made important contributions to the understanding of molecular structures of dna, viruses, coal, and graphite, e.g. she calculated the exact geometry of the viruses.
“... A pattern has an integrity independent of the medium by virtue of which you have received the information that it exists. Each of the chemical elements is a pattern integrity. Also, each individual is a pattern integrity. The pattern integrity of the human individual is evolutionary and not static ...” - quotation of R. Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983), U.S. American philosopher and inventor (in “Synergetics. Explorations in the Geometry of Thinking” (1975), Pattern Integrity 505.201).
For living creatures - from tiny organisms and insects to animals and human beings - it is fundamental for the capabilities of the brain or nervous structures to react impulsive to its pattern-recognition systems: the very basic risk-avoiding system in order to survive.
It is a well-known fact that animals, and humans as well, can be scared by the mere shape of a shadow - in fact a silhouette pattern - even when it not seems to present a picture of an attacker. Creating anxiety became in itself a mighty weapon, in the jungle as well as later in political affairs. So, illusions emerging also just because people are so used to think in patterns and thus also believe perceiving patterns where there really are none. Knowledge of patterns is a fundamental basis in game-theory.
Fundamentally, we are constantly concerned with, and engaged in - patterns. In particular, there have always existed spiritual needs to study the basis for universal structures - patterns in connection with, or referring to, the creation and development of life itself.

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7 colors of the rainbow when passing through a compression sorting.

Atomic Order, Galaxies, and possibly Superstrings

Pattern of mathematics has allowed us to understand some fundamental principles of the universe, for example gravity, mass, energy, electromagnetism, and quantum mechanics for elementary particles. And in addition advances - in exploration of the space and e.g. the Big Bang concept - improving our understanding and untangling principal problems of biology and unveiling some secrets of life.
The concept of “creative powers” we see as a religious speciality mostly - apart from forces of physics as being of a more mechanical kind. In modern science they are not easily separated. By energy ignited by the creation - space is introduced. By space distances are introduced. By distances (e.g. length, time) duality or quantity is introduced.
Thus distances/quantity can introduce chaos, i.e. introducing the concept of thermodynamics, entropy - degrees of growing ‘disorder’. Order emerges in several ways: e.g. behind time as it depends on presence of space - a change in space produces a different time/time-pattern. Likewise, for example behind transforming an “unshaped” storm into a perfect funnel shaped tornado. Behind the atoms’ symphony of nuclear vibrations. Behind the patterns of the galaxies. Behind ‘order’ itself: pattern.
Physical order and biological order are conditioned by: energy streaming through or behind their systems - then order commences (providing element of time and concept of limits). Pattern, structure, and wholeness seem to be by rules and not exceptions. The universe seems to be evolutionary, auto-organizing, and generating energy, constantly. Creation of order is studied by chaos-theory, un-linear dynamics and complexity research concerning the study of auto-organizing systems, neural network etc.: providing science of new orientation - for the new future.

    

Mystical maze pattern in the floor of the Chartres Cathedral - all financed by the citizens and the Knights Templar.

Knights Templar Salvage Treasure of Knowledge?

Back in history several perspectives iof much of this was perceived and also in many ways expressed in the famous ancient Egyptian-Greek book, “Corpus Hermeticum”, ascribed to Hermes Trismegistos (cf. below). Later, this work was deeply admired by Father of Church, the great theological philosopher St. Augustine (354-430 AD).
Advanced levels of studies of mathematics by the ancient Egyptians were connected to the religious-mystical tradition. The opening words of the famous mathematical-geometrical Papyrus Rhind, of 1700 BC in Egypt, are stating about its own text that it is “The Entrance into the Knowledge of All Existing Things and All Mystical Secrets”.
The ancient builders, stonemasons, craftsmen, and architects especially, knew about certain kind of equalizing force or power of patterns’ shape. For instance, they knew that such force differs in strength in a construction according to the way they build (e.g., an arch either follows a semi circular pattern or the pattern of a narrow elliptic curve, the latter often providing a stronger support).
This kind of knowledge later adopted by Knights Templar, Freemasons, and other such groups, formed a part of their know-how, and was used as parables in their teachings, all contributing to support the capacity of their secret societies. In modern research understanding of the inherent, hidden laws claimed to be behind some of the ancient sciences and the pattern concept and may very well turn out to reveal treasures of data of mathematically founded mighty power, an energy source.
A historical issue in this case is to which extend Moses have brought with him this kind of knowledge and data out of ancient Egypt? According to King Ptolemy II's Egyptian-Greek historian Manetho in Alexandria in 280 BC who, by having access to collections of ancient temple libraries and records, stated: “prior to the desert journey Moses plundered the temple treasures”. Inevitably, these were also valuable temple archives containing Egyptian science.
Important parts of the treasures may have been hidden at the time of Moses’ death and stored in his secret tomb at Mount Nebo - and other parts probably already placed in hidden depots in the Israelites’ secret base in Petra? Remains of the valuable information are later thought concealed in the cavernous, serpentine system beneath the Temple of Jerusalem.
The first Knights Templar formed a specially trained group searching this subterranean labyrinth for nine years - only shortly after first crusade (in 1099). Did they find anything? In this era alchemists all over Europe and later the Rosicrucians were searching in ancient Greek manuscripts and Gnostic texts having survived the final destruction of the Alexandrian Library with its Egyptian treasure trove of knowledge. These targeted spiritual explorers were seeking for extraordinary information especially of this kind of the “Egyptian heritage”.
As it turned out, modern medicine, chemistry, and astronomy rose from vital particles of this information. But perhaps something more, even advanced knowledge of another kind, had actually been found from the hidden stores?

Platonic solids, drawn by astronomer-mathematician Johannes Kepler

Understanding Pattern - Between Spirit and Matter

Important temples of ancient times were created architectonical on geometrical harmonies and proportions - i.e. patterns founded on archetypical mathematical primeval images like crystalline forms and organic structures, and even music - and were planned with surveying lines aiming at solstitial points or certain mighty stars.
Geometry is space-dimensioned mathematics. Fundamental patterns of celestial placements of stars and planetary orbits were in ancient consideration charged with religious significance. Geometry was recognized as connector of spirit and physics, this being formed by “the ideal matrix”, which space is build from and contains.
The ancient Egyptians built the Pyramids using a universal figure as a model, a pattern developed from one of the special forms of mathematical harmonic patterns later named: the Platonic solids.
The priests in Egypt seem to have demonstrated knowledge on the nature of the Pattern, realizing e.g. that patterns evolves patterns, patterns copies patterns, and patterns attracts patterns: Like behaviours known from crystals, of special importance among physical objects of the Universe, and with a special capability to distribute or store the ‘particles’ or ‘data’ of the light.
Thus, they knew the power of these sides of universal Pattern, by itself structured as an energizing essence, which we may experience by using certain parts of our sensitivity. Furthermore, by the ancient sages it was also intercepted in magical sounds, and they were able to see it in the interplay between certain colours. And they used it in formation of sacred formulae. They realized its power also in subtle forms - as the invisible sparkle in a religious inspiration of spiritual understanding.
Egyptian physicians knew the Pattern as the vital element in healing, to be used for the treatment of their patients. The meaning behind several Egyptian inscriptions strongly suggests that the Ancients also knew that patterns can dissolve patterns: a knowledge used for curing the patients by means of harnessing “the inner Pattern Source” and Pattern forces found in nature, especially plants, minerals, or crystals.
Many ancient cultures, and later ones too, praised a principle of “equal to heal/dissolve equal” - when an illness should be dissolved by means of the same form or taste or etc. - kind of the same pattern. It was later analysed by many alchemists especially the Renaissance philosopher and physician Paracelsus, and the astronomer Tycho Brahe, and later by Rudolf Steiner.

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The Eucharist, at Dali´s polygon-dome.

           

Fractal, type Mandelbrot.                  Uranus, infrared light image.                 Very bright star, Sirius. 

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Two-dimensional symmetrical pattern exists only in 17 variations

Information and its function can be described as specific patterns - and when these should avoid drowning in quantities of other information, there are algorithms for assessing the effect of information entropy and to obtain better impact via formulae from well-established information theory: again via pattern processing.
When certain data are searched for among millions of other data there will be used programs for ‘data mining’. Modern computers’ processing is so enormous that millions of calculations simultaneously in many smaller parts of a much larger computing process will not be any problem.

Mathematics can be considered as a set of abstractions, dealing with illusions or symbolic values and is in the same time, never the less, a very concrete and precise tool for defining, measuring, describing - or dealing with geometry - all which concerning pattern.
Two-dimensional pattern repeated systematically, and in principle endlessly, is in daily use generally described as “wall-paper pattern”.
These so-called ‘field pattern’ are the result when symmetrical repetition takes place in two directions, thus forming a two-dimensional pattern that covers the plane. There are seventeen (17) systems which mathematicians classify as symmetry groups. In other words, principally only 17 different “wall-paper pattern” exist - they make all variations.

The Science of Pattern - as for Astronomy and Medicine

Today, many branches of biology, like genetics or ecology, are considered also as parts of mathematics. For instance, illness has patterns of symptoms and history - however, the same goes for patterns of medicine. Mathematics opens new possibilities for medicine. Mathematical patterns - models - are used to understand our bodies and to find optimal treatment for diseases.
Examples of mathematics applied to medicine are very widespread now. If a killer contagion should threaten the Earth, scientists could on the basis of comprehensive mathematical analysis design a drug that forces the virus to mutate itself out of existence - a realistic possibility according to a study in Texas in the journal, Physical Review E (November 10th, 2008) - article published by bioengineer Michael Deem, professor at the Rice University, in Biochemical and Genetic Engineering and professor of physics and astronomy.
He states that the new model helps to better describe the evolutionary processes that occur in the real world, as to how our immune systems react to that evolution. (A project sponsored by US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency).
In a nutshell, the idea is to design drugs that speed up the mutation rates of viruses and push them beyond a threshold called a “phase transition”. The thermodynamic analogy for this transition is for instance known as the freezing or melting of water - which amounts to a physical transition between water's liquid and solid phases. - “Water goes from a liquid to a solid at zero degrees Celsius under standard pressure, and you can represent this process mathematically by using thermodynamics.”

Mathematics and modern computers make a true power tool also with regard to gain insight into structural patterns in development of trading and markets - and it applies equally to such orientation in conditions of roads and traffic, or calculating the patterns of weather forecast. By establishing of new governing systems, the development of hierarchical structuring patterns is often possible to predict by calculation in advance.
The equal principle behind all this is that it fully concerns patterns, visually as well as mathematically. When an infectious disease has to be prevented, its pattern of spreading can often be mapped out by the same mathematical principles as the pattern that develops when a plant grows and spreads it branches; this also regarding the direction such development may lead - the result will be depending on the original position or first movement, thus such pattern can often be calculated in advance.
Mathematics is often commonly described as the “Science of Pattern”. Mathematic programs developed for the astronomical research can, in principle, be used for similar patterns in other areas. A spreading of stars in clusters or in groups of meteors may have some pattern similarities with the spread of heavy traffic or, for example, ethnic groups by emigration or even the tracks of herds (cf. flock theory and randomness analysis).
When a totally unknown source of infection have to be stopped, it will be possible tu use, for example, principles of astronomical methods for identifying the invisible black holes of super-energy worlds in the universe could actually. Although the holes are completely hidden, they can be calculated, carefully defined, and concretized by specific patterns based on their impact on the environment in space.

 

Orion´s Belt of 3 mighty stars, as a pattern for the placement of the 3 Great Pyramids.  

Pattern of Heaven and Earth

A great heritage of knowledge concerning pattern was known already by the Egyptian astronomer-priests. They understood the patterns of the firmament and knew how these connected to the Earth in a dynamic way - by Pattern.
The celestial distances when perceived as visually connecting lines between the stars, were also understood as elements of a geometric design forming many parts of the universe.
The star lines offered perspectives on the structure of the cosmos and the celestial geometry knowledge in the ancient mystery cults branched off with theory on cosmological cognition and teachings on religious-psychological archetypes.
The tradition’s views on the very concrete but also image-shaping celestial geometric lines - with archetypical patterns and structures - were considered not as being a result of chance or subjective interpretation, because these many precise astronomical facts in themselves are based on the exact accountability, e.g. by particular time and measuring.
Many of the ancient celestial geometrical circumstances were later mentioned by Greek astronomer Hipparchus, ca. 135 BC, and Egyptian-Greek astronomer and astrologer Ptolemy, around 125 AD.
For example, a line of sight was perceived as established from Aldebaran, the main star in the Taurus constellation, to Antares, the main star of the Scorpio constellation - in a precise alignment at their mutually opposing positions.
An abundant number of examples are known where the one star in such a pair of stars was ascending, when its “line-related” star was setting at the opposite direction in the sky.
An excellent material collected about certain stars’ connecting position lines is to be found in the hitherto most extensive dictionary on antiquity, “Pauly(-Wissowa)’s Real-Enzyklopädie der classischen Wissenschaft” (Stuttgart, 1894-1980). Also, it contains tables showing “the stars’ raisings and settings” at different sites in antiquity, which will function as a mapping of these interactions.

An accentuated symmetry could be perceived, and there was thought to be a particular precision in the patterns. A widespread and very strong attention about these phenomena was associated with (like a modern concept) pattern recognition.
Thus, it is understandable that the phenomena were regarded with great awe, when it was strongly believed that there could be found a particular logic of patterns established by the ancient well-defined lines of sight between the stars.
Such conditions were included in the religiously philosophical ideas of the widespread mystery cults - many showing interrelated, amazing matches - and were considered as signs of a special cosmos-order of a synchronicity connection with heaven and earth, both concerning living and physical conditions.
Even as late as the 16th century great astronomers as Bradley and Roemer noted that the solar system was moving just “on the line of sight” on the three most brilliant stars of the sky - Canopus through Sirius to Lyra/Vega, exactly following the World-axis across the sky.
Certain features of what earlier in antiquity in the religious-philosophical outlook could be seen in the patterns of the entire network of the star link lines, may appear as getting closer to an idea about a kind of a visual “superstring concept”.

Astronomer Johannes Kepler believed that a relationship existed between numbers as a pattern of particular kind in the distances between planetary orbits, and not at random. He was wrong concerning his results, but certainly not regarding the fact that a specific pattern really existed in the relation of numbers. In the 1700s this was proven as facts by German astronomer Bode (the Titus-Bode law).
The very relation of numbers was supported very precisely when new planets were found: Uranus in 1781, Ceres in 1801, Neptune in 1846, and Pluto in 1930. Thus - and according to the above Titus-Bode law - all fits perfectly the discovery of the specific pattern of numbers of planetary distances, although still mainly unexplained.

When observing the pattern of the Orion constellation the ancient astronomers seem to have identified a pattern relationship by having this star system as the template used for the geographical lay out of the three Great Pyramids and their specific location arrangement on the building site. A reflection of such kind of pattern principle can be seen as documented via Church Father, St. Augustine, who, 415 AD in his writings, “De Civitate Dei” (Vol. 8:23), quoting the ancient Egyptian sage Hermes Trismegistos, ‘the Thrice Great Thoth’, saying: “... Egypt is an image of the sky ... transferred from heaven down to Egypt ...”.
Right from the very earliest time important temples were created architectonical on geometric harmonies and proportions - universal patterns founded on archetypical and mathematical primeval images to be recognized from crystalline forms and organic structures, and even music. The temples were Placed based on astronomical surveying lines aiming at solstitial points or certain mighty stars all of which being used as the plan for the temples’ axis. The ancient temples were considered literally as a holy dimension representing a part of heaven reflected and placed into the geography on Earth.
More examples: the ancient Babylonians/Assyrians directly referred each of their major cities to certain stars - e.g. Nineveh (cf. Moses’ “Book of Genesis” 10:11), the city’s name meaning ‘wild boar’ also being the totem of that city and a name of the constellation “The Boar” (it is our Great Bear/Charles’ Wain). With their sky-yardstick the Babylonians measured degrees of arc by use of a certain terrestrial measure, the royal cubit.
At Babylonian-Sumerian images showing the supreme god Marduk, his emblems are shown: rod, ring, and measuring string - symbolic objects also to be recognized from biblical texts referring to the creator god Jahweh and his “a measuring rod and a rope”. The idea of world architect and constructor, who in the process of the creation had included basic geometric patterns. Also, the measuring rope appears in the sacred rituals of the Egyptians. Again and again correlations can be seen between celestial measurement and earthly surveying, and the geometry itself was respected as a sacred knowledge.

British astronomer, Sir J. Norman Lockyer (1836-1920) - among other things famous for the discovery of the sun's chromosphere and the element of helium (in the sun), and his foundation of the famous scientific journal “Nature” - calculated the astronomical lines in ancient Egyptian major temples. He discovered that they all followed such celestial lines of sight and that even later temple buildings changing direction according to later changes in the stellar arrangement in the sky.
He discovered in the temple inscriptions that the sacred Egyptian ceremony Streching the Cord ceremony was the very description of creating sacred alignment with the celestial lines of sight, especially the axis of the winter solstice, thus making the temple foundation and _Layout in harmony with the cosmos.
Lockyer also measured Greek temples and got the same results - nobody before him had seen and analysed this major coherence between astronomy and the temples through the ages.
And the same principle at Stonehenge, too, where Lockyer also dated its construction by again using the fact, that the lines were adapted according to a previous angle of tilt of the axis of Earth. Modern C-14 measuring confirms the dating results of that early time. And especially the very Stonehenge's axis of winter solstice shows its major importance in the whole arrangement of the construction.

             

3-D-pattern.

Synchronicity and the All Over Pattern

In some cases it is relatively easy to compute human conduct by computing certain human patterns of behaviour. Psychiatrists have often recognized that pattern is a gateway to the psyche.
From the earliest times, the ancient Hindu-philosophers considered karma – in connection with the cycles of the entire universe - as a mould determining main patterns causally structuring a life, and how in several respects, individually, it is formed and unfolded (the karma principle acting because of the all over pattern).
Time itself viewed as being constituted as pattern, can be measured astronomically. The dynamic connective link - patterns of heaven and earth - is expressed in every specific moment of time: every such moment containing equal patterns around the world align, a concept that was the heart of the renowned psychologist Carl G. Jung’s notion of “synchronicity”.

Synchronicity can be defined as various phenomena that occur at the same time and may have “thematic similarities (patterns) in the subjects”, although, as from scientifically stating, without being “causally related”.
It seems to reflect the theory of quantum physics actually expressing that when we change our mind we change the universe, in fact pure Buddhist philosophy - in correspondence with the Hindu-philosophers.
Jung coined the word “synchronicity”, the concept of which was born from the meeting in 1928 with Wolfgang Pauli (later Physics Nobel Laureate) who made some important contributions to the work of Werner Heisenberg on the formulation of quantum mechanics.
Having studied Eastern and ancient philosophies and connected practices, Jung had in addition noticed that, for example, casting lots were often more ‘accurate’ than chance would predict, and Wolfgang Pauli was able to provide partial physical explanations of how it could be possible. Generally this subject was too controversial for many scientists, so it took Jung and Pauli years to overcome publishing their book on this topic, but finally they did so in 1952.

     
 
Molekyler til livsformer fremstår med bølger.            Universelt atomlys struktur.                          Strings-Nano lasers. 

The Universe�s Patterns of Infinite Differences in Tension

Carl G. Jung went deep into the theories of his friend, the scientist of nuclear physics Wolfgang Pauli, who also co-worked with Niels Bohr. Pauli’s “exclusion principle” (1925), awarded with Nobel Prize1945: the assertion that two electrons in an atom cannot be at the same time in the same state or configuration - to account for the observed patterns of light emission  from atoms by quantum leap (leading in 1930 to his idea of the subatomic particle: the neutrino, discovered in 1932). Extended through modern views and ‘Ancient wisdom’: in the universal pattern two equal objects cannot occupy the same space and energy at the same time without complete dissolving.
In the Universe the principle is seen connecting e.g. to neutron stars and even white dwarfs, which are kept from collapse, not by nuclear fusion, but by this Pauli Exclusion Principle (quantum mechanics’ Leibniz-Pauli Principle). Two objects are never similar, not a total similar pattern - or they would have been the same object.
Pauli had put into perspective his principle to the extend of the whole cosmos, thus being perceived as one great system of equilibrium: You could not move just a pin without this having an immediate effect to be received all over the cosmos - and by immediately Pauli really meant immediately, not being concerned with the “speed of light” and its “limitations”. An all-embracing synchronicity. The implicated “speed” factor (: not at all ‘speed’ but instantaneous) seems to relate to the much debated theory of the superstrings and their all-over pattern structuring and “informing” the universe.
Niels Bohr stated (in 1935) that two particles moving in each direction from a “single state” are connected so that measuring the one decides what to be measured on the other. They react like being one, even with billiards of kilometres in distance. Polarity of the particle is first expressed when the particle is measured, by which the other particle has immediately the opposite polarity - this is to be seen when it passes a filter, which allows passage of opposite polarity only. They may or may not be connected through distance, but by time - in their common origin - which can show a new understanding of the concept of time patterns.
When epigraphists and code-experts are presented with a enigmatic text - cf. ’text’ is in reality a collocation of symbols by themselves making significant patterns - then a pattern-form in this will be the first thing they are looking for to find a clue for the solution.
An equal principle - which the ancient initiates in India and Egypt evidently have known about very early - also is the case for energy and light. The light is in no way “empty” (nor is the darkness) but is full of its essence structured as “patterns in the light”.
Nor “empty space” exists, and great scientists from Leibniz to Einstein have rejected it as just being nonsense, as the Universe is structured as patterns of tension-systems of infinite differences. By this, already Pascal and, in turn, Arnauld, Leibniz, Helmholz, Planck, Einstein, and Bohr predicted nuclear power: tensions so immense that a tiniest wobble in the balance may cause destruction of all existence.
J. Robert Oppenheimer, a father of the nuclear bomb, recognized this kind of forces already stated in the religious-philosophical text of ancient India, “Baghavad-Gîta”. This ancient culture perceived ‘karma’ as an expression for balances mentioned. To Buddhism, balances and connections throughout the Universe are extremely clear.
A supplying angle of this is touched by Sir Martin Rees, Astronomer Royal of Great Britain, in his book, “Just Six Numbers. The Deep Forces That Shape the Universe” (1999), showing an extremely well arranged pattern of ‘intelligent’-shaped interplay. The six kind of forces presented constitute a ‘recipe’ for a universe: “the outcome is sensitive to their values: if any one of them were to be ‘un-tuned’, there would be no stars and no life” - they only exist by the ‘right’ combination-patterns of balances.
The theory of the few figures (six or about) is, among others, to see in a letter from Pascal to Arnauld who showed it to Leibniz, from whom the thought went further via pupil to pupil and finally received by Helmholtz and his pupil Max Planck, and from Planck to Einstein and likewise to Bohr - upon all of which we get confirmation on the notion “so immense that a tiniest wobble in the balance may cause destruction of all existence”: - the power of nuclear etc. ...

    

The Universe structured by patterns
 of light and systems of differences.

Moses and the Egyptian Heritage

The astronomy of the ancients seems to have been the mother of mathematics and geometry and, thus, contributing to a branch of ancient pattern science, all by which our great ancestors found their reference in time and space.
The art of knowing and predicting the behaviour of the celestial patterns, also as cycles, was fundamental for making the calendar and, furthermore, essential for the special astrology-priests’ ability to perform. Pattern may even be a missing-link and -logic of modern astrology, and of the remains of alchemy as well.
It fits a statement by Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) being an explorer on astronomy and physics, and ancient Hermetic doctrines as well, and made horoscopes for the Medici family:
“... The Universe cannot be read until we have learned the language and become familiar with the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics and the letters are triangles, circles, and other geometrical figures, without which means it is humanly impossible to comprehend a single word ...”.
Studying the Pattern will contribute especially to our concept of an original and eternal source - the pattern that connects, being the Pattern of patterns - delivering insights which by interdisciplinary research and studies by scientists and experts can bring new light to inform of the ancient source of light and creation, by tradition expressed as being originating from a supreme ignition.
Back in our history Moses, highly educated in Egypt, became famous among the later Greek philosophers because he was the first and earliest known person in history to teach and write about the very idea that “anything, at all, existed before the creation”.
The Bible’s opening statement in Genesis introduces the concept of pre-creation elements, including light, darkness, will, and distinction, all of which are substantial qualities of the Pattern, required to initiate primal patterns that would structure and urge creation.
The ancient Egyptians knew, long before e.g. Pythagoras, the use of the mathematical-geometrical factor pi as well as other “magic” relations of ciphers.
A somewhat similar principle appears in the Bible’s Book of Exodus (25:10) with Moses’ instruction for building the Ark of the Covenant by the use of the following measures:
“... Have them make a chest of acacia wood - two and a half cubits long, a cubit and a half wide, and a cubit and a half high ...”
- i.e. the figures 5, 3, 3 (a cubit is a standard measure from a model of the length of the forearm below the elbow). - Already in Noah’s Ark such relations were in use. In The Book of Genesis (6:15), Noah is being ordered to build an ark, thus:
“... And this is the fashion which thou shalt make it of: The length of the ark shall be three hundred cubits, the breadth of it fifty cubits, and the height of it thirty cubits. ...”
Thus the ark have the end-side as 50 by 30 cubits - and is hereby in the ratio of 5 to 3 - and to 5 or 3 x 10. Noah’s ark was thus built with the same proportion, e.g. as ten Arks of the Covenant placed side by side.
In the Book of Exodus (25:23) Moses used another pattern of ciphers to instructions for the altar-table:
“... two cubits shall be the length thereof and a cubit the breadth thereof, and a cubit and a half the height thereof ...”.
This ratio of 4 to 2 to 3 is equal arrangement according to the same instructions for the later Temple of Solomon, i.e. the same pattern of numbers.

3-D-pattern

Meeting the Fundamental Matrixes

Geometry can be referred to in the sense as being the domain of irrational numbers which derive from nature. More than just as rectangles, squares, circles, etc., the special kind of geometrical patterns makes explicit fundamental mathematical laws and principles which structure nature.  
Using Egyptian knowledge learned by his studies in Egypt, Pythagoras (ca. 550 BC) applied theoretical findings to natural phenomena and discovered wonderful and unexpected regularities and relationships. His observations led him to confirm that certain ratios and proportions contributed to a more true picture of a harmonic structure of the world. Cf. an initiation experience alluded to by Goethe (in ‘Faust’): “... meeting with the matrixes. ...”
We know that Plato (428-348 BC) - who was also educated in Egypt (for 13 years, according to his pupil, the astronomer and mathematician Eudoxus) - proclaimed geometry to be a primary factor to the creation of the world. Further on in his work “Timaeus” Plato explained, following in the tradition of Egypt as Pythagoras did, that cosmic order and harmony are contained in certain numbers. 
Similarly the old rabbis - with their saying that “everything is composed of numbers” - studying Kabbalah in a tradition going back to Moses - understood the connection between the creation of the world and numbers, a meta-fundamental code-system (a branch, being further developed in ancient biblical texts, is known as the practise of “Gematria”). Correspondingly, the Greeks spoke of the Primal Logos, in fact, simply another way of expressing a foundation of the Universe by numerical/geometrical ‘intelligent’ structure that characterizes ‘Pattern’.
In the 1990s a group of American mathematicians and military code experts believed to have found (helped by powerful computers) a large number of very sophisticated code patterns inlaid in the Bible. Their claims of the use of such codes were exposed to well-deserved harsh criticism for their extremely far-reaching conclusions and interpretations. But the basic fact is that these mathematicians had not really tested and never discovered that in all text, because they are created by human beings - and of course more clearly exhibited in longer texts - there is to be found code-like combinations, patterns open for in principle any interpretation. Actually, it cannot be avoided that texts can hold patterns which could be interpreted for a meaning - especially inevitably when human beings are behind the process.
Once, Werner Heisenberg described an atom’s intangible construction pattern as: “... an atom is a matrix of numbers ...”. This could be one of the keys for quantum mechanics.

      

Left: Shri Yantra - being a configuration of 9 interlacing triangles and is
called “the mother of all yantras” because all other yantras derive from it.
Right: A so-called Sierpiński Triangle, here it only goes to 9 generations, but is in principle
as fractals which can continue mathematically similar formations at infinity.

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Fractals - and Yantras Contacting Pattern Origins in Mind and Spirit

In the 17th century mathematician and philosopher Leibniz began to speculate on the structure or function of self-repeating pattern similarity, and aimed at finding a mathematical descriptive procedure.
A developed form of use of patterns that are too irregular to be described in traditional
terms appeared in 1975 known as “fractals” by French mathematician B.B. Mandelbrot. His formulas are calculating difficult defined geometric objects, for example a crumpled plane, or a curved river having its length measured at the center but is extremely longer if measured along the shore’s many extra curves. There are formulas to describe, for instance, clouds, or plants and the structures. Fractal geometry has rules surpassing the older mathematical rules.
The idea of macro-cosmos being reflected in micro-cosmos is to be seen in, for example, fractals slavish repeating its pattern in other size dimensions. An important ability of fractals is that a magnification of a sample of a shape repeats with full precision the original structure which is as complex as the shape in its entirety - and can be repeated in infinity.
The infinity factor is a concept that previously was seen often associated with pattern perceived as having especially cosmic coherence, having always been inspiring to man in connection with life, the creation and the spiritual dimension.
From antiquity, a mind influencing kind of pattern was known as yantra in Eastern mysticism. Patterns of shapes and symbols are commonly used in yantras - here including squares, triangles, circles, and floral patterns - and also more complex and detailed symbols.
Yantras belong to the several thousand years old tantric tradition. A yantra is the yogic equivalent of the Buddhist mandala. Traditionally, yantras are used as ‘tools’, or more simply ‘symbols’, e.g. as anchor point for the focus in order to balance the mind connecting a spiritual concept.
Concerning etymology and meanings, the word yantra is used in two or more ways in Sanskrit - here from the root ‘yam’ meaning to control or supporting or holding the essence of an object or concept. The syllable ‘tra’ comes from ‘trana’ or liberation from bondage. Thus, yantra is also connected to liberation (moksha) from the cycle of birth and rebirth.
As a tool, the yantra meditation is used to withdraw consciousness from the outer world, so as to help going beyond the normal framework of mind to the altered states of consciousness (known as turiya).
Yantra may be used to represent the astronomical position of the planets over a given date and time. This includes time pattern of time - and is considered ‘auspicious’ in Hindu mythology. Such yantras are often made for a particular event or point according to procedures defined in the very ancient, holy Veda scriptures.
Numerical yantras are not composed directly on basic geometrical forms but via numbers. Some of these yantras are used as talismans.
Architectural yantras are used for the ground plan of temples. The geometrical forms of the yantra, and especially when a person is constructing it, involve and activate the right hemisphere which requires imaginational thinking and is visual and nonverbal. However, the symbolic nature of yantras triggers the left hemisphere.
Practitioners of tantra combine the universal pattern of yantra with the cosmic sound of a mantra to achieve a higher state of awareness, in which individual being and universal being are one - the dichotomy of the hemispheres is resolved, both at a pure calm level.
Still, when using yantra this practice can also be connected to an expanded tradition of adding the use of a mantra now in order to enhancing the vital life force (prana), then mantra recitations can be perceived as a powerful pattern of sounds which are believed to be able to organize all the factors involved into a greater harmony and balance.
Meditation or concentration on a certain point is included as means to self realization and cosmic consciousness. Such a centre point (bindu) of a yantra signifies unity, the origin, the principle of manifestation and emanation, thus visualising the abstract, the formless.

Primary pattern continuously acting

The Sâmkhya philosophy system was compiled on basis of much older sources by the sage Kapila, more than 3,000 years ago. One of its particular branches being formed as an ultimate system, the “Yoga Sutras”, was written down in Sanskrit text by Pantañjali 2,300 years ago.
In some of the stanzas in Yoga Sutras, e.g. 2:18, appears the trinity in question, named trigunas, the three gunas, literally the three 'fibres'. Three gunas as the constituents of the Universe, primal factors close to the primal cause, perform their interaction as a dynamic balance. The eternal “non-resting” is keeping the universe going.
The Trigunas are named in Sanskrit as sattva, rajas and tamas - i.e. illumination (intelligence-intensified light), activity, and inertia (established patterns, matter). Each in turn tends to dominate. This being constantly neutralized by the two other factors which are continuing the dynamic balance and upholding eternal universal activity. (This Trinity can be recognized in numerous universal transpositions e.g. as “start,-change,-stop”-principle, or “affinity,-exchange,-reality”-principle, etc.).

   

According to Dr. Emoto’s research - crystals of frozen water can be clearly harmonic or disharmonic patterns, depending on our
water source and treatment of the water. Left: water from Laco Maggiore, Switzerland. Right: tap water from Los Angeles, USA.

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Positively exposed ice crystals creating masterpieces of pattern

The fact that all substances and phenomena have a unique magnetic field. Many tests seem to show that water is shaping up after similar invisible energy patterns, for example musical vibrations, or even our thoughts. More than 70 percent of the planet Earth is covered by water. The human body consists of 70 percent water. Dr. Masaru Emoto in Japan began in 1994 to study water and ice crystals.
Water from clear mountain springs and streams has beautifully formed crystalline structures, while the crystals of polluted or stagnant water are deformed and distorted. - Distilled water exposed to classical music takes delicate, symmetrical crystalline shapes. When the words “thank you” or prayers, or for instance from the Buddhist “Lotus Sutra” chanting “nam-myoho-rengue-kyo”, were exposed to a bottle of distilled water, the frozen crystals had a harmonic shape similar to the crystals formed by water that for example had been exposed to Bach's “Goldberg Variations”.

Outside a test tube with water Masaru Emoto fix a label upon which is written peaceful, positive words such as “mother”, “love”, “angel” or “thank you”. After this sample was frozen in a special freezer, ice crystals were photographed. The photographs of water that are exposed to energy from the positive words actually represent small masterpieces breathtaking as beautiful jewels. Masaru Emoto presents more than 10,000 water-sample experiments.

Ice crystals are wonderful, harmonic, geometric forms. To be able making snapshots showing a shape which comes out of it invisible, temperature condition is minus 5 degrees.

However - according to the submitted test results - if the water is exposed to negative and harsh words such as “war”, “death” or “demonic”, it seems as if the water structure enters a state of “shock”. The crystals, obtained by freezing in this way will be asymmetric, distorted, with a ravaged terrible appearance. But in another experiment using music, and when water is exposed to the tones of Mozart, Vivaldi, Schubert and Beethoven, it responds by creating crystals that are of a divine beauty and colour.

   

D

r. Emoto’s photos of crystals of frozen water tend to turn out in beautiful or ugly patterns depending on whether the
words or thoughts exposed to the water were positive or negative. He claims this can be achieved through prayer, music
or even by attaching written words to a container with water. Left: crystal from water exposed to the Moldau Symphony.
Right: from water exposed to the word ‘gracias’ (‘thanks’). 

          Kristopher Setchfield, BA in Health Science, Castleton State College (Natural Science Department) in Vermont, has publisher a paper called “Review and analysis of Dr. Masaru Emoto's published work on the effects of external stimuli on the structural formation of ice crystals”. Setchfield concludes and recommends that Emoto's work should be based on sound scientific principle: by implementing double-blind procedures, and publish the entire collection of photos for all water sample tests, not just the ones that support his claim.
However, some significant double-blind procedures has been carried out, testing that water “treated” with intention can affect the ice crystals, according to Radin, Hayssen, & Emoto: “Double-Blind Test of the Effects of Distant Intention on Water Crystal Formation”, (Journal of Science and Healing, vol. 2, #5, pp. 408-411, Sept. 2006: - A group of 2,000 people in Tokyo focused positive intentions toward water samples placed in an electromagnetically shielded room in California. This group was unaware of similar water samples set aside in a different location as controls. Ice crystals formed from both sets of water samples were blind-test identified and photographed by an analyst, and the resulting images were blindly assessed for aesthetic appeal by 100 independent judges. Results indicated that crystals from the treated water were given higher scores for aesthetic appeal than those from the control water - in this case lending support to the hypothesis.

But another researcher, William A. Tiller, Ph.D. in Geochemistry at Stanford University, has pointed out that an important factor is the degree of mental capacity of those imprinters who try influencing the water – and another special factor is that Emoto’s experiments fall may short of proof, since his experiments “do not excess control for one of the three key factors in the super-cooling of water” (in some such cases, water instead of ice crystallization may stiffen plasma-like).

In short, when Emoto’s experiments show that water seems particularly receptive to patterns of thoughts and intentions, which like all other energy activity possess a magnetic field, it may also be open to observers’ bias or hostility. Therefore, Emoto’s experiments sometimes, unfortunately, have to refrain from complying with several standard scientific principles. In any case it is important to future research that Emoto has clearly demonstrated that the results with the amazing crystal patterns effects are under certain circumstances really possible to achieve.

        

Left:  abstraction visualizing superstring theory, a hologram in 6-D, - cf. the universe as a brain.
Right:  a detailed simulation of a small region of a brain built molecule by molecule has been
constructed and could recreate the patterns of experimental results from real brains.

Fundamental Spiritual Patterns

That the geometric-mathematical feature, connected with man’s spiritual world of insight in cosmos and creation, is like for instance music as concept of both pattern and deep feelings, - but at the same time every single tone, the vibrations, can be defined mathematically exact and formed also as light (e.g. music via optical fibres).
A hologram is an energy-generated image, which can be defined as a pattern in 3 dimensions (or more). The sophisticated sciences of the modern world seem to be able to build a bridge over such great concepts. David Bohm (1917-1992) was an American quantum physicist who, after early participating in the Manhattan Project, made significant contributions in the fields of theoretical physics, philosophy and - neuropsychology. Actually, he also made significant theoretical contributions to neuropsychology and the development of an exceptional model of the functioning of the brain.
Bohm is not the only researcher who has presented evidence that the universe - understood as a three- or multi-dimensional level - is as a hologram. Working independently in the field of brain research, Standford neurophysiologist Karl Pribram has also become persuaded of the holographic nature of reality.
Bohm helped establish the foundation for Karl Pribram’s theory that the brain operates in a manner similar to a hologram, in accordance with principles of quantum mathematics and wave patterns. Karl Pribram held that if psychology means to understand the conditions that produce the world of appearances, it must look to the thinking of physicists like Bohm!
In fact, present-day’s advanced research in order to understand the universe should be enhanced by developing, figuratively speaking, a psycho-physical interpretation science on higher level concerning patterns and the individual's internal interactions as well as the interaction with the immediate surroundings as well as the whole universe.

David Bohm’s final work was the posthumously published “The Undivided Universe: An ontological interpretation of quantum theory” (1993). Ontology is the study of ‘conceptions of reality and the nature of being’ - (thus, Bohm also internationally worked for peace as a central element most important for mankind).
All of these perspectives may contribute to practical understanding of Pattern and universal laws of force as expressions originally of energetic light, which is the great source developing laws - patterns - of potentiality and capabilities of the world.

    

Examples of fractals.


Ove von Spaeth
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  Copyright © 2008 (& © 2000). - Parts of the text are from Ove von Spaeth’s work,
“The Secret Religion”,  which is the vol. 4 of his book-series “Assassinating Moses”.
Further information:  www.moses-egypt.net

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All forms of pattern are basically possible to describe through mathematics.


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Copyright   2008 © (& © 2003) by:  Ove von Spaeth  -  www.moses-egypt.net   -  All rights reserved.  

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Bibliography, primary sources, and orientating references 

Bohm, David:  The Undivided Universe. An ontological interpretation of quantum theory, Routledge, 1st ed., 1993.

Brock, A.., et al.:  Geometric determinants of directional  cell motility, Lanamuir, 19, 1611-1617, 2003.

Bucknell, Roderick, & Martin Stuart-Fox: The Twilight Language. Explorations in Buddhist Meditation and Symbolism, (Curzon Press), London, 1986. 

Corpus Hermeticum, el. Hermes-skrifterne, dansk overs�ttelse v. S�ren Giversen: Den ukendte Gud, K�benhavn (Gads forlag) 1983.

Dennis, Lynnclaire:  The Pattern, Lower Lake (Integral Publishing), Calif., 1997. 

Duda, Richard O., & Peter E. Hart, & David G. Stork:  Pattern classification, 2nd edition, New York 2001.

Emoto, Masaru:  Messages from Water, Vol. 1, (Hado Publishing), 1999.

- -   :  Messages from Water, Vol. 2, (Sunmark Publishing), 2001.

Grenander, Ulf:  Patterns, John Hopkins Series in the Mathematical Sciences, (Paperback 1996).

Griffiths, David J.:  Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, 2nd ed., Prentice Hall, 2004.

Hobart, Christy:  Arts and Crafts by the �Numb3rs�, Special to The Times Los Angeles Times, February 17, 2005.  

Huettel, S.A, & P.B. Mack & G. McCarthy (all: Dukes University Medical Centre):  Perceiving patterns in random series: dynamic processing of sequence in prefrontal cortex, Nature Neuroscience, 5(5), May 2002, pp. 485-490.

H�egh, Carsten, & Hans R�der (transl.): Platon: Timaios, fra Platons skrifter bind 8, C.A. Reitzel, Kbhvn.1940. 

Ingber, Donald, et al. (Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.):  Cells moved by geometry, Nature Science, News Service, 5 March 2003.

Jung, Carl Gustav:  Synchronicity, An Acausal Connecting Principle, (transl..: R.F.C. Hul), The Interpretation of nature and the psyche (Naturerkl�hrung und Psyche), 1st Princeton/Bollingen ed., 1973. 

Khanna, Madhu:  Yantra: The Tantric Symbol of Cosmic Unity, Inner Traditions, 2003.

Maddox, Brenda:  Rosalind Franklin. The Dark Lady of DNA, (HarperCollins) 1 edition, 2002.

Massimi, Michela:  Pauli's Exclusion Principle. The Origin and Validation of a Scientific Principle, (Cambridge University Press) Cambridge 2005.

Mitchell, Stephen (a new translation):  Bhagavad Gita, Harmony, 1st edition, 2000.

Mumford, David:  Indra�s Pearls. A Vision of Felix Klein, Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Pauli, Wolfgang:  Exclusion principle and quantum mechanics, Lecture given in Stockholm after the award of the Nobel prize of physics 1945, Neuchcatel, Editions du Griffon, 1947. 

- -   :  Influence of archetypal ideas on the scientific theories of Kepler, The Interpretation of nature and the psyche (Naturerkl�hrung und Psyche), Bollingen series, 51, (Pantheon Books), New York 1955. 

- -   :  Niels Bohr and the development of physics. Essays dedicated to Niels Bohr on the occasion of his seventieth birthday, edited by W. Pauli, with the assistance of L. Rosenfeld and V. Weisskopf, (McGraw-Hill), New York 1955. 

Paulus, Dietrich, & Joachim Hornegger:   Applied Pattern Recognition, 2nd edition, Vieweg, 1998.

Pauly(-Wissowa):  Real-Enzyklop�die der classischen Wissenschaft, Stuttgart, 1894-1980. 

Rees, Martin J.:  Just Six Numbers: The Deep Forces That Shape the Universe, 1999. 

Roach, John:  Forks in the Road Guide Ants Home. Foraging Pharaoh�s ants employ geometry to find their way home, (ref. of Francis Ratnieks, Professor, University of Sheffield), Nat. Geographic News, December 15, 2004. 

Spaeth, Ove von:  Dating the Oldest Egyptian Star Map, Centarus International Magazine of the History of Mathematics, Science, and Technology, vol. 42:3, 2000, pp. 159-179. 

- -   :  Den Hemmelige Religion, Attentatet p� Moses, vol. 4, K�benhavn (C.A. Reitzel forlag) 2004.

- -   :  Pattern, Universe and Ancient Knowledge, as presented (2000, updat. 2003 and later) as the appendix in: Lynnclaire Dennis: The Pattern, vol. 2, Lower Lake, Calif., 2001.

- -   :  Tempelriddernes viden fra Egypten - og Moses, Swedano Journal, nr. 6, 2.�rg., feb. 2003, pp. 34-46). - &  opdat. dansk version i: Aspiranten, Norge, 2.�rg., nr.5, sep.2004, pp.11-17. 

Schuermann, J.:  Pattern Classification.  Unified View of Statistical and Neural Approaches, Wiley&Sons, 1996.

Tipler, Paul, & Ralph Llewellyn:  Modern Physics, 4th ed., W. H. Freeman, 2002.

Weiss, Sholom, & Casimir Kulikowski:  Computer Systems That Learn, Morgan Kaufmann, 1991.

White, David Gordon:  The Alchemical Body. Siddha Traditions in Medieval India, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1996.

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Bible quotes:  Genesis  6:15,   Exodus  25:10 and 25:23